A Review on Alternatives to Animal Testing Methods in Drug Development
نویسندگان
چکیده
The origins of the concept of alternatives to animal testing in the 1950s, and the range of replacement alternative methods and progress toward their incorporation into fundamental and applied research, education are discussed. The three R’s that is Replacement, Reduction, Refinement are defined. Importance and advantages of alternatives to animal testing methods are mentioned. Information is given about the institutions researching alternatives to animal testing and resources available to assist in searching for alternatives are listed. Ethical considerations on the alternative methods are also discussed. It is concluded that much greater effort should be put into overcoming the barriers to the acceptance of replacement alternatives which currently limit the contributions they have to make toward greater humanity and better biomedical science.
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